Jamestown Massacre (1622)

Timeline

1. 1622Settlements along the James River · VirginiaPowhatan warriors entered farms and communities under the guise of visiting, then attacked simultaneously at an agreed moment; the raids spread along the James River upstream to plantations, and many families were killed unawares.
2. 1622Jamestown · VirginiaAbout 347 colonists were reported killed, nearly a third of Virginia's population; the main Jamestown fort held out thanks to advance warning, but outlying farms and communities such as Henricus suffered heavily.
3. 1622–1623Virginia colony · VirginiaAfter the attack the colony launched retaliatory expeditions, burning Powhatan villages and crops; English colonial policy shifted from limited cooperation to military conquest and territorial expansion, and the Powhatan–English peace collapsed entirely.