Goryeo Dynasty

Timeline

1. 1351–1356Kaesong · Korean peninsulaKing Gongmin ascended the throne in 1351, broke free of Mongol regent influence, reformed the jeon-gwa-ge land and military institutions, and pursued reforms centered on royal authority in an effort to restore Goryeo's independent rule.
2. 1359–1360Kaesong · Korean peninsulaIn the late Yuan period, Red Turban forces invaded Goryeo twice, capturing Kaesong and burning the royal palace in 1359 and returning in 1360; Goryeo armies under commanders such as Yi Seong-gye counterattacked and eventually recaptured the capital, though the state was badly weakened.
3. 1360–1374Kaesong · Korean peninsulaAfter the foreign invasions, King Gongmin's reforms stalled; court intrigues and peasant uprisings multiplied, military and political power increasingly fell into the hands of powerful ministers and generals, and the dynasty's foundations steadily eroded.