Holy Roman Empire (Ottonian System)

Timeline

1. 962–973Rome · ItalyOtto I was crowned emperor in Rome by Pope John XII, formally establishing the title of Holy Roman Empire and uniting German royal power with the Roman imperial tradition and ecclesiastical authority.
2. 973–983Northern Italy · ItalyOtto II continued his father's policies, strengthening control over northern Italy and pursuing imperial administrative integration, while facing challenges from Slavic tribes and Byzantine forces.
3. 996–1000Aachen · GermanyAt the turn of the millennium, Otto III operated the empire on the concept of a dual center of Rome and Aachen, emphasizing a universal Christian order; the Ottonian system tended toward maturity and consolidation at the century's turn.