Irish Nine Years' War

Timeline

1. 1593–1594Donegal · UlsterHugh Roe O'Donnell led his forces against English resident officers; afterwards the Earl of Tyrone, Hugh O'Neill, openly joined the rebellion. Ulster Gaelic clans formed an alliance, resisting English forces with guerrilla warfare and fortified defense.
2. 1595–1599Ulster and Connacht · IrelandThe Irish alliance repeatedly defeated English expeditions at Enniskillen, Cavan, and the Battle of the Yellow Ford; the Earl of Essex's 1600 expedition also failed, the rebels received promises of Spanish aid, and the war expanded across the whole island.
3. 1601–1603Kinsale · MunsterIn 1601 Spanish reinforcements landing at Kinsale were besieged and destroyed by English forces, depriving the Irish alliance of foreign aid; O'Neill's power then rapidly collapsed, and in 1603 he surrendered to the new king James I, ending the Nine Years' War, after which Ulster was subjected to colonial resettlement.