Amsterdam in the Golden Age

Timeline

1. 1600–1648Amsterdam · Dutch RepublicAfter the war of independence Amsterdam became the de facto financial center of the Dutch Republic; the canal ring was expanded, the East India Company headquarters was established here, attracting Jewish merchants and refugee artisans, and the city's population and wealth grew rapidly.
2. 1650–1664Amsterdam · Dutch RepublicArtists such as Rembrandt and Vermeer were active, and the burgher class patronized the arts; the stock exchange and the Bank of Amsterdam operated maturely, the city became a hub of European information and capital, with a population exceeding 200,000.
3. 1665–1667Amsterdam · Dutch RepublicDuring the Second Anglo-Dutch War of 1665–1667, Amsterdam suffered from plague and trade blockade; the Dutch fleet fought hard at sea, and after a British raid on the Medway River in 1667 the two sides negotiated peace at Breda, with the Dutch exchanging New Netherland for Suriname.
4. 1668–1670Amsterdam · Dutch RepublicAfter the Treaty of Breda Amsterdam quickly recovered global spice and textile trade, and the VOC consolidated its positions in Southeast Asia; the city remained among Europe's leading shipping and financial centers, and the Golden Age entered its final brilliant phase of the 1670s.