Baghdad (Ilkhanate Era)

Timeline

1. 762–1258Baghdad · Abbasid CaliphateAfter al-Mansur established it as his capital, Baghdad became the Abbasid political, commercial, and scholarly center; the House of Wisdom and its multiculturalism kept it at the heart of the Islamic world for a long time.
2. 1258–1335Baghdad · IlkhanateIn 1258 Hulegu captured and sacked Baghdad, nominally ending the Abbasid Caliphate. Thereafter the city belonged to the Ilkhanate, slowly recovering under the Persian-Mongol administrative system, and remained a hub of the Tigris basin.
3. 1341–1350Baghdad · Jalairid SultanateAfter the Ilkhanate collapsed in 1335, Baghdad was controlled by the Jalairid dynasty. In the 1340s the city sustained regional trade and Sunni scholarly networks, inheriting the Mongol-era administrative legacy, though no longer on the scale of a former imperial capital.
4. 1401–1500Baghdad · IraqIn 1401 Timur sacked Baghdad again; thereafter, amid competition among the Black Sheep/White Sheep Turkomans and the Safavids, the city went through multiple regime changes, continuing as Iraq's core town until the Ottoman conquest in the 16th century.