Möngke

Timeline

1. 1221–1230Mongol Empire heartland · Mongolian PlateauBorn in 1209 into Tolui's household, between 1221 and 1230 he received steppe training in riding and archery and the education of princes under his mother Sorghaghtani's upbringing. As Tolui's eldest son, he held priority in succession among his brothers.
2. 1231–1250Mongolian Plateau · Mongolian PlateauAfter Tolui's death in 1232, he and his mother maintained Tolui's power through the reigns of Ögedei and Güyük, took part in the political struggles of Güyük's court in the 1240s, and after Güyük's death in 1248 the Tolui line allied with Batu and other princes, laying the foundation for his accession in 1251.
3. 1251–1258Karakorum · Mongolian PlateauHe ascended the great khanate in 1251, executed old ministers such as Qorchi and Berkechir, sent his brother Hulegu on western campaigns and his brother Kublai to administer the Chinese lands, destroyed the Assassins and the Abbasid dynasty at Baghdad in 1258, and strengthened central control over the princes and provinces.
4. 1258–1259Diaoyu Fortress · SichuanFrom 1258 he personally led a great army south against the Southern Song; in 1259 he was killed at the front while besieging Diaoyu Fortress. His death sparked a struggle among the princes for the throne, ultimately leading to the civil war between Kublai and Ariq Böke.