Later Lê conquest of Champa and the Champa crisis (1470s)

Timeline

1. 1471Northern Champa frontier to Vijaya · VietnamLê Thánh Tông, citing Champa's border raids and refusal to pay tribute, assembled a large army and marched south. Vietnamese forces attacked along several routes, taking Champa fortresses in succession, and finally besieged and captured Vijaya. Champa royal family members were taken prisoner, large numbers of people and artisans were carried off to northern Vietnam, and Champa's northern territory fell under Later Lê control.
2. 1472–1476Huế–Quảng Ngãi region · VietnamThe Later Lê dynasty reorganized Champa's northern lands into administrative units such as Huế, implementing the li-phuong system and Confucian education, and moving in Vietnamese settlers to open up the land for cultivation. The Hindu-Malay cultural traditions of the former Champa lands gradually declined, and the process of Sinicization/Vietnamization accelerated. The Lê court consolidated the new frontier through investiture and military garrisons.
3. 1477–1480Phan An · Ninh Thuận ProvinceRemnant Champa forces migrated south to the area of Phan An, and their territory shrank greatly. In the later 1470s, Champa and the Later Lê dynasty still had occasional friction, but were unable to recover their northern losses. Champa turned to the Ming tributary system for diplomatic buffering, and the pattern of strong Vietnam and weak Champa in mainland Southeast Asia was thus fixed.