Silk Road under the Pax Mongolica

Timeline

1. 1251–1259Trade routes across the Mongol Empire · Silk RoadDuring Möngke Khan's reign, the zhamchi relay network was expanded to ensure horse changes and supplies for caravans, restoring efficient Silk Road operation under the empire's unified order.
2. 1255–1260Samarkand · UzbekistanHub cities such as Samarkand gathered caravans from China and West Asia, where silk, porcelain, spices, and precious metals were distributed; trade under the Pax Mongolica reached its 13th-century peak.
3. 1260Persia–Central Asia trade route · Central AsiaAfter Kublai and Abaqa divided east and west in 1260, the Ilkhanate and Yuan dynasty still maintained mutual trade routes, and the Silk Road continued to flourish within the framework of the divided empire.