Peter II of Portugal

Timeline

1. 1648–1668Lisbon · LisbonBorn in Lisbon on 26 April 1648. His father John IV died in 1656 and his brother Afonso VI succeeded. He grew up during the final years of the Restoration War, witnessing the queen mother's regency and Castelo Melhor's dominance. In 1667 he allied with Queen Maria Francisca and the nobles to force his brother to cede power, paving the way for his formal regency the next year.
2. 1668–1683Lisbon · LisbonHe became regent in 1668 and on 13 February of that year concluded the Treaty of Lisbon with Spain, ending the Restoration War and winning recognition of independence, hence his epithet 'the Pacific'. His brother was moved to the Azores and then imprisoned at Sintra. He annulled his brother's marriage and married Maria Francisca, relied on his sister Catherine's marriage to Charles II of England to maintain the Anglo-Portuguese alliance, and curtailed the Cortes' interference in finance.
3. 1683–1706Lisbon · LisbonHe formally became king after Afonso VI died in September 1683. His queen soon died and he married Maria Sophia of Neuburg, begetting a son John. During his reign he strengthened royal authority and encouraged Brazilian gold and the English wool-and-wine trade. The 1703 Methuen Treaty bound Portugal to the anti-French camp, and after the War of the Spanish Succession broke out Portuguese territory became a battlefield. He died in Lisbon on 9 December 1706.