Mughal Artillery Corps

Type Object Region South Asia Time 1640–1700

The mid-17th-century Mughal artillery (Topkhana) was one of South Asia's most systematic firearms forces, equipped with bronze and cast-iron guns, si…

Timeline

c. 1641–1650Agra arsenal workshops · AgraThe empire established a dedicated artillery bureau (Topkhana), comprising gunfounders, powder loaders, and gunners, casting bronze guns in capital workshops and maintaining siege and field artillery batteries.
c. 1643–1655North Indian battlefields and fortresses · IndiaThe court hired European gunners and introduced casting and aiming techniques; artillery provided fire suppression in northwestern frontier sieges and Deccan expeditions, coordinating with infantry and cavalry to form the typical Mughal way of war.

Sources

Mughal Warfare: Indian Frontiers and Highroads to Empire, 1500-1700 — Jos Gommans (2002)
The Gunpowder Empires — William H. McNeill (1989)