Aftermath of the War of Ferrara and Italian Political Reorganization

Timeline

1. 1484Bagnolo · VenetoThe alliance of Venice, the Papacy, and Naples failed to fully defeat the Este family in the Ferrara succession dispute; the 1484 Peace of Bagnolo confirmed Ferrara's control over some disputed territories, but the underlying conflicts were not resolved.
2. 1490–1494Milan–Venice–Rome · ItalyThe war's aftermath left Venice weakened on land, while Milan under Ludovico Sforza became the peninsula's diplomatic hub; relations among the Papacy, Naples, Florence, and other states waxed and waned, and the traditional balance-of-power mechanism grew increasingly fragile.
3. 1493–1494Italian Peninsula · Italian PeninsulaMutual suspicion and frequent short-term alliances prevailed; the Sforzas used Charles VIII's southward march to pressure Naples, while the Papacy and Venice pursued their own calculations; the peninsula lacked effective collective defense, opening the door to the French invasion of 1494.