Peace of Vervins

Timeline

1. 1595–1597Northern French border · Hauts-de-FranceSpain long refused to recognize the Huguenot-born Henry IV; the two sides fought back and forth over Picardy, Calais, and the Dutch border; French victories at Amiens and elsewhere forced Spain back to the negotiating table.
2. 1598Vervins · AisneRepresentatives of both sides signed the peace at Vervins: Spain formally recognized Henry IV's throne, France recovered towns including Amiens and Calais, and certain territorial arrangements since the Treaty of Coutras were confirmed, achieving a ceasefire on the western front.
3. 1598–1599Paris · Île-de-FranceAfter the peace was registered in Paris, French troops withdrew from the Dutch border, Spain ceased funding anti-Henry forces within France, and France was able to redirect military and financial resources toward domestic peace and reconstruction.