Sukhothai Kingdom

Timeline

1. 1238–1240Sukhothai · Sukhothai ProvincePho Khun Bang Klang and Pho Khun Mueang led Thai groups in rising up at Sukhothai, shaking off vassal status under the Angkor dynasty and establishing an independent Thai kingdom, laying the prototype of a Thai political entity in mainland Southeast Asia.
2. 1240–1250Sukhothai · Sukhothai ProvinceIn the decades after the founding the kingdom consolidated rule and expanded its territory; under King Ramkhamhaeng (reigned c. 1279–1298) its power reached its zenith, as he created the Thai script, promulgated laws and embraced Theravada Buddhism, ushering in a golden age.
3. 1200–1300Sukhothai Historical Park · Sukhothai ProvinceThe kingdom vigorously built stupas and Buddha images, forming the elegant Sukhothai artistic style; through the Chao Phraya river basin and maritime trade routes it traded with Song and Yuan China and neighboring polities, exporting rice, tin and forest products.
4. 1300–1438Mainland Southeast Asia · Mainland Southeast AsiaAfter the 14th century the northern power of Ayutthaya rose; Sukhothai gradually declined and was formally annexed by Ayutthaya in 1438, though its cultural heritage became an important source of Thai national identity.