Fall of Vilcabamba and the End of Inca Resistance

Timeline

1. 1572Cusco · Cusco RegionFrancisco de Toledo, fifth Viceroy of Peru, judged the Vilcabamba regime a threat to colonial rule and organized an expedition from Cusco, advancing by separate routes into the southeastern Andean jungle.
2. 1572Vilcabamba · Cusco RegionSpanish forces broke through the jungle defenses and captured the fortress of Vilcabamba. The last Inca ruler, Túpac Amaru I, was captured while fleeing, and the political center of the Neo-Inca State collapsed.
3. 1572Cusco · Cusco RegionTúpac Amaru was publicly executed in Cusco, an act the Spanish colonial authorities used to intimidate indigenous peoples across the Andes. The orthodox Inca royal resistance ended here, and colonial rule entered a phase of full integration.