Kangxi Tongbao Coin

Timeline

1. 1661Beijing · BeijingIn 1661 the eight-year-old Xuanye ascended the throne and adopted the era name Kangxi; the Qing court retained the Ming system of the Baoquan and Baoyuan capital mints and began striking 'Kangxi Tongbao' coins bearing the new era name, replacing Shunzhi Tongbao as legal tender.
2. 1673–1681Yunnan, Fujian, Guangdong, and other provinces · ChinaDuring the pacification campaigns the Qing court added mints in Kunming, Fujian, and elsewhere, with Manchu and Chinese place names cast on the reverse to indicate the mint; Kangxi Tongbao thus expanded from a two-capital system to one minted concurrently at many mints nationwide.
3. 1684–1722Mints in all provinces · ChinaAfter the wars subsided, minting returned to standard: obverse in regular script reading 'Kangxi Tongbao', reverse in Manchu indicating the mint name; the one-qian copper coin became the common medium for land tax, market, and salary settlement, circulating into Korea, Vietnam, and neighboring regions.