Ghurid Empire: Conquests of Mu'izz al-Din (1180s)

Timeline

1. 1181–1183Herat · HeratMu'izz al-Din co-ruled the Ghurid Empire with his brother Ghiyas al-Din (who died in 1202). In the early 1180s he reorganized his army, centered on Turkic-Afghan cavalry, using Herat and Ghazni as twin bases for simultaneous advances toward the Indian subcontinent and the Khwarazm frontier.
2. 1186Lahore · PunjabIn 1186, Mu'izz al-Din captured Lahore, ending the rule of Khusrau-Malik, the last Ghaznavid ruler. The Ghurid Empire fully annexed former Ghaznavid territory, gaining a strategic springboard deep into northern India.
3. 1187–1190Punjab · PunjabBetween 1187 and 1190, Mu'izz al-Din repeatedly campaigned in northwestern India, defeating coalitions of Rajput princes and capturing key positions such as Multan and Uch. Ghurid cavalry raids and sieges gradually broke down the defenses of the Hindu states, building strength for later advances into the Ganges basin.