Aftermath of the Novgorod Massacre

Timeline

1. 1569Novgorod · RussiaOn the pretext that Novgorod's nobility was colluding with Poland–Lithuania, Ivan IV first carried out arrests, house searches, and executions in surrounding towns and monasteries, paving the way for the subsequent large-scale operation.
2. 1570Novgorod · RussiaUnder the tsar's personal supervision, oprichnina troops entered Novgorod and carried out mass executions and looting of citizens, monks, and merchants; the death toll is estimated at anywhere from several thousand to tens of thousands, and the city's commercial network was devastated.
3. 1570–1575Novgorod region · RussiaAfter the massacre, Novgorod's population plummeted and Hanseatic commercial ties were severed; nearby Vologda and other places were also affected, and the traditional autonomous commercial civilization of northwestern Russia declined further.