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埃及尼罗河泛滥危机
公元1009年前后，埃及尼罗河水位异常偏低，农业灌溉受到严重影响，粮食短缺与物价上涨引发社会动荡。法蒂玛哈里发哈基姆采取减税、疏浚运河、禁止囤积居奇等措施应对灾荒，并限制屠宰耕牛以保障农业劳动力，体现了法蒂玛政权对尼罗河农业命脉的依赖与危机管理能力。
Timeline
- 1009–1010尼罗河中下游 · 尼罗河流域尼罗河年度泛滥不足导致灌溉水量短缺，农田减产，面包价格飙升，部分面包师因售湿面遭鞭打，社会不满情绪上升。
- 1009–1013开罗 · 开罗哈基姆下令减免土地税、禁止灾荒期间哄抬粮价与奢侈娱乐，定期疏浚水渠，并限制宰杀健康耕牛；还曾延请巴士拉工程师伊本·海塞姆研究改善尼罗泛滥问题。
Sources
- Reforms of al-Hakim https://www.ismaili.net/histoire/history05/history553.html
- Extreme Nile Floods and Famines in Medieval Egypt (AD 930-1500) and Their Climatic Implications — Hassan, F. A. (2007)
- The Nile: Its Role in the Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Fatimid Dynasty During its Rule of Egypt (969–1171) — Cortese, Delia (2015) https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/hic3.12210