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Holy Roman Empire Feudal Order
The Holy Roman Empire's feudal order was a multi-layered system of loyalties and enfeoffments in 10th–13th-century Central Europe linking the emperor…
Timeline
- 962–1002Rome · LazioOtto I was crowned Roman emperor by the pope, consolidating control over Germany and Northern Italy by enfeoffing dukes, bishops, and counts, and establishing a triangular feudal relationship of emperor–pope–princes.
- 1014–1024Bamberg · BavariaHenry II strengthened the status of ecclesiastical princes and tidied up imperial church estates, consolidating the feudal–ecclesiastical alliance through projects such as Bamberg Cathedral, laying the institutional foundation for the Salian dynasty's takeover of the empire.
- 1024–1122Worms · Rhineland-PalatinateThe Salian emperors' attempts to reclaim the right to appoint bishops provoked a long conflict with the pope (the Investiture Controversy); the feudal order was renegotiated between imperial authority and princely autonomy, until the Concordat of Worms finally divided the powers of secular and ecclesiastical investiture.
Sources
- Holy Roman Empire https://www.britannica.com/place/Holy-Roman-Empire
- Germany in the Early Middle Ages, 800–1056 — Timothy Reuter (1991)