Mamluk Sultanate Rule over Egypt

Timeline

1. 1351–1354Cairo Citadel · EgyptSalih Sa'id acceded in 1351, and Mamluk factions vied for power in the Cairo court. Though the sultan was a puppet, the Mamluk emir corps held real military and political control, maintaining order across the provinces of Syria and Egypt.
2. 1354–1360Cairo · EgyptAfter his restoration, al-Nasir Hasan undertook large-scale construction projects, including mosques and irrigation works, attempting to restore economic and social order after the Black Death and strengthen control over the Mamluk troops.
3. 1352–1360Syria · LevantMamluk garrisons in Damascus, Aleppo, and elsewhere maintained rule over Syria and monitored remaining Crusader strongholds. By controlling Red Sea and Mediterranean trade routes, Egypt became a key node linking Indian Ocean and European trade.