Siege of Fort Zeelandia

Timeline

1. 1661Fort Provintia (Chihkan Tower) · TainanAfter landing, Zheng's forces quickly surrounded the Dutch position on the Tainan plain; the garrison commander of Fort Provintia surrendered, and Zheng Chenggong used it as his base to begin deploying a land-sea encirclement of Fort Zeelandia.
2. 1661Mouth of Tainan Bay · TainanZheng's naval forces controlled the mouth of Tainan Bay and the Lu'ermen channel, severing Dutch supply lines from Batavia; although the Dutch sent relief ships to break through, they failed to lift the blockade, and food and ammunition inside the fort grew scarce day by day.
3. 1661–1662Fort Zeelandia · TainanIn late 1661 the Dutch launched a land breakout that was repulsed by Zheng's forces; Zheng's troops then deployed captured heavy guns and those shipped from Xiamen at 'Wuwei Hill' (today's Anping, Tainan's Anping District) and subjected Fort Zeelandia to sustained bombardment, severely damaging its defenses.
4. 1662Fort Zeelandia · TainanIn the later stages of the siege, repeated peace talks between the sides failed; in January 1662 the Dutch made a final breakout attempt that failed, and the defenses collapsed under bombardment and epidemic disease, forcing Coyett to accept surrender terms as the siege entered its final phase.