Battle of Nájera (Navarette)

Timeline

1. 1366Bayonne · AquitaineIn 1366 Henry seized the Castilian throne with French mercenaries and Aragonese support, and Pedro I fled north. That summer, Pedro, the Black Prince, and Charles II of Navarre agreed at Bayonne: Navarre would allow English troops to pass, Pedro would pay war costs and cede territory. Both England and France used the Castilian fleet and the succession dispute to draw the civil war into the Hundred Years' War.
2. 1367Logroño · La RiojaIn February 1367 the Black Prince's army entered via Navarre. Following du Guesclin's and the French king's advice, Henry had planned to wear down the enemy with famine and harassment; in March light horse had succeeded around Álarnes. Political pressure forced him to abandon the Nájerilla river line. The Black Prince crossed the Ebro at Logroño at the end of March, advancing toward Navarette.
3. 1367Nájera · La RiojaOn April 3 the English approached unexpectedly from the direction of Navarette. Du Guesclin led the vanguard into action, at one point pressing the line of John of Gaunt and John Chandos; English longbowmen shot down Henry's flank light horse, and Gascons enveloped both wings. Henry's army fled before the bridge at Nájera, over half casualties; du Guesclin was captured, while Henry himself escaped.
4. 1367Burgos · CastilePedro I was immediately restored but did not settle war costs or cede territory as agreed at Bayonne. The Black Prince's army suffered plague and unpaid wages in Castile, and the prince himself fell ill. The Anglo-Castilian alliance broke; Aquitaine was forced to levy a hearth tax, sharpening Gascon separatism. Henry reorganized with the support of King Charles V of France; the civil war did not end with one battle.