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Hafez

Type Figure Region Persia Time 1315–1390 Also known as Shams al-Din Muhammad Hafez

Hafez (1315–1390), one of the greatest Persian lyric poets of the 14th century, was renowned for his ghazals filled with mystical, wine, and love ima…

Timeline

  1. 1361–1365Shiraz · ShirazAround 1361 Hafez composed in Shiraz under the patronage of the Muzaffarid ruler Shah Shuja, his style maturing around themes of wine, the nightingale, and mystical love, forming a distinctive lyrical tradition.
  2. 1365–1370Shiraz · ShirazBetween 1365 and 1370 Hafez's creativity reached its height, producing many celebrated ghazals that fused Sufi mysticism with worldly wisdom; his 'Hafezian style' became a model for Persian poetry, and later generations praised him as 'the nightingale of Shiraz.'
  3. 1370–1390Shiraz · ShirazAfter 1370 Hafez gradually withdrew from court politics, living a semi-reclusive life in Shiraz, continuing to write poetry and teach disciples; he died in Shiraz in 1390 and was buried at the Tomb of Hafez, which became a Persian cultural shrine.

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