Goryeo–Song Relations in the 1050s

Timeline

1. 1051–1055Bianjing (Kaifeng) · Song dynastyGoryeo regularly dispatched missions to the Song capital Bianjing to present local products, and the Song court responded with investiture and gifts of silk and books. The two sides interacted through sovereign–subject etiquette, but Song rarely interfered in Goryeo's internal affairs, forming a relatively relaxed political relationship.
2. 1053–1058Gaegyeong (Gaegyeong capital) · GoryeoFrom the 1030s, hundreds of Song merchants came to Goryeo each year to trade, and this scale continued through the 1050s. Song imported porcelain, books, and medicinal materials, while Goryeo exported ginseng, furs, gold and copper, and marine products; Gaegyeong became an important commercial hub of Northeast Asia.
3. 1056–1060Gaegyeong (Gaegyeong capital) · GoryeoGoryeo repeatedly requested that the Song court dispatch troops or provide military aid against the Liao dynasty, but Song politely declined in order to preserve the post-Chanyuan Treaty peace with Liao. Goryeo therefore adopted a dual diplomacy of 'serving Liao, engaging Song,' exchanging tribute for security and obtaining cultural goods from Song.