← Explore on the interactive map

Roman concrete

Type Object Region Rome Time c. -300–1

Ancient Roman volcanic-ash-based artificial stone technology (opus caementicium), mixing pozzolana ash, lime, gravel, and water, hardening underwater…

Timeline

  1. c. -300Coast of the Bay of Naples · CampaniaRoman engineers exploited the reaction of Campanian pozzolana ash with lime to develop concrete formulas that could set underwater, used for harbors and foundation works.
  2. c. -100–-50Rome · LazioConcrete was widely used in the expansion of Rome's walls, aqueduct piers, harbor breakwaters, and large market buildings, combined with brick and stone facing to form a diverse architectural language.
  3. c. -27–1Rome · LazioConcrete dome and vault technology reached maturity in the Augustan era, laying the material and structural groundwork for later giant dome buildings such as the Pantheon.

Sources