Medieval Counterweight Trebuchet

Timeline

1. c. 1200–1250Acre · IsraelFrom the late 12th to early 13th century, counterweight trebuchets replaced traction trebuchets as the main engine in Levantine sieges. During the Fifth Crusade's siege of Damietta and the defense of Acre, both sides deployed large counterweight trebuchets against each other.
2. 1277–1280Rhuddlan · WalesEdward I systematically deployed counterweight trebuchets to bombard castles such as Deganwy and Rhuddlan during his Welsh campaigns. Between 1277 and 1280 English engineer corps combined trebuchets with mobile siege shelters, establishing a standard tactic for native Western European sieges.
3. c. 1270–1400Eurasia · EurasiaIn the mid-to-late 13th century counterweight trebuchet technology spread eastward to East Asia via the Mongol conquests and trade networks, while continuing in use during the Iberian Reconquista and the Hundred Years' War. Siege manuals and engineer establishments of the 14th century incorporated it into standing siege systems, until the rise of early cannon.