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Livonian War Phase (1563–1570)
1563–1570 was a key phase of the Livonian War: Tsar Ivan IV launched the conquest of Livonia, the Livonian Order was drawn into a multi-power conflic…
Timeline
- 1563–1565Livonia · LivoniaIvan IV, aiming to expand access to the Baltic Sea, led troops into Livonia; the Livonian Order retreated steadily and appealed to Poland, Denmark, and Sweden for aid, as the conflict escalated from a local dispute into a multi-state war.
- 1569Vilnius · LithuaniaAfter the Union of Lublin, Poland-Lithuania formally entered the war against Moscow; in the same year it signed the Vilna Truce with Moscow, gaining a buffer for the eastern front, though the Livonian war continued.
- 1570Ula River · LivoniaIn the 1570 Battle of Ula, Muscovite forces devastated the remnants of the Livonian Order; the Order's military organization became a shell, and Livonian territory was further partitioned among Poland, Sweden, and Denmark.
Sources
- Livonian War https://www.britannica.com/event/Livonian-War
- War in the Baltic: The Military Struggle for the Baltic, 1558-1721 — David Kirby (1995)