Holy League of 1684

Timeline

1. 1683–1684Rome · RomeAfter the relief of Vienna, fearing another Ottoman attack, Innocent XI used the 1683 Polish–Austrian alliance as a model, persuading Venice to join the war against the Ottomans to recover losses from the War of Crete, and continuing to provide subsidies to Poland, thereby fostering a broader Christian alliance.
2. 1684Linz · AustriaOn March 5, 1684, the Empire, Poland, and Venice signed the charter of the Holy League at Linz, stipulating that the war was directed solely against the Ottomans and that peace must be negotiated jointly. On May 24, the pope and the College of Cardinals swore the oath in Rome; Innocent XI became protector of the league and issued invitations to other Christian states.
3. 1684–1686Central and Eastern Europe · Central EuropeAfter the league's formation, imperial forces advanced in Hungary while Venice opened new fronts in Dalmatia and the Morea. In 1686, Russia under Regent Sophia joined the Holy League; that same year the allied forces recovered Buda, and Ottoman rule in Central Europe began to collapse.
4. 1687–1699Karlowitz · SerbiaThe league advanced on multiple fronts in Hungary, the Morea, and Podolia; after the Battle of Zenta in 1697 the Ottomans sued for peace. On January 26, 1699, the parties concluded the Treaty of Karlowitz: the Habsburgs gained most of Hungary and Transylvania, and Poland and Venice also obtained territory. The league's clause barring separate peace thus fulfilled its wartime mission.