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Later Jin / Early Qing Firearm Workshops

Type Object Region China Time c. 1630–1640

Firearms manufacturing and conversion workshops established in Liaodong by the Later Jin (predecessor of the Qing) in the 1630s, gathering Han Banner…

Timeline

  1. c. 1631–1635Shengjing (Shenyang) · ShengjingUnder Hong Taiji, a dedicated firearms workshop was set up in Shengjing, recruiting surrendered Ming and Korean firearms artisans to copy falconets and matchlocks, and trial-producing heavier red-barbarian cannons to counter the Ming bastion defenses.
  2. c. 1633–1638Liaoyang · LiaoyangThe Later Jin captured large numbers of Ming firearms and artisans in battles such as Songjin, incorporating them into the Han Banner system and establishing multiple cannon-casting yards across Liaodong, standardizing calibers, powder chambers, and gun-carriage specifications for field and siege warfare.
  3. c. 1636–1640Shengjing (Shenyang) · ShengjingBy the late 1630s the Later Jin could mass-produce copied red-barbarian cannons and field dedicated artillery units, with workshops supported by storage and training grounds, laying the firepower foundation for the invasion of the pass around 1640.

Sources