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Western Xia

Type Object Region East Asia Time 1038–1227

Western Xia (1038–1227), founded by Tangut Li Yuanhao with its capital at Xingqing, held the Hexi Corridor and Hetao, created the Tangut script, and …

Timeline

  1. 1038–1048Xingqing · NingxiaIn 1038 Li Yuanhao declared himself emperor, founding Great Xia, created the Tangut script, and set up a bureaucracy dividing Tangut and Chinese affairs; after the battles of Sanchuankou, Haoshuichuan, and Lindecheng in 1040–1044, a peace with Song was concluded in 1044, bringing investiture and annual gifts and establishing the northwestern standoff.
  2. 1086–1101Hexi Corridor and Hetao · NorthwestEmperor Chongzong Qianshun reigned long, followed Liao institutions, allied with Jin against Song, and restored agricultural production and Buddhist translation; around 1101 Western Xia maintained control of Silk Road trade and the Hexi prefectures, with the state relatively stable.
  3. 1101–1110Xingqing · NingxiaBetween 1101 and 1110 Western Xia maintained independence amid the alternation of Liao and Jin; from the later Qianshun period until Emperor Renzong personally took power, Tangut and Chinese officials and tribal leaders co-ruled. Frictions with Song continued on the border, but attention shifted to observing the Jurchens in the northeast.

Sources