Almohad Caliphate

Timeline

1. 1121–1130Tindouf mountain region · MoroccoThe Berber scholar Ibn Tumart launched the Almohad movement in southern Morocco, preaching strict monotheism and Sunni doctrine and opposing the Almoravids' corruption and heretical tendencies, laying the ideological foundation of the regime.
2. 1147–1199Marrakech · MoroccoAbd al-Mu'min overthrew the Almoravids, made Marrakech his capital, then conquered Algeria and Tunisia, and in 1172 entered southern Iberia, replacing the Murabid regime and establishing a great empire spanning the Maghreb and Al-Andalus.
3. 1101–1212Western Mediterranean · IberiaIn the 12th century the Almohad Caliphate reached its peak, promoting religious unity and building grand structures such as Marrakech's Koutoubia Mosque and Seville's Giralda, becoming a cultural and trade center of the western Mediterranean with close ties to Christian kingdoms and the eastern Islamic world.
4. 1212–1269Las Navas de Tolosa · SpainIn the 1212 Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa the Almohad army was decisively defeated by the Castile–Aragon coalition, the Andalusian defensive line collapsed, and Iberian territories were rapidly lost. North Africa itself then fell into division, and in 1269 Marrakech was captured by the Marinids, ending the caliphate.