Imperial System of Frederick II

Timeline

1. 1220–1222Rome · LazioFrederick II was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Rome in 1220 and immediately set about integrating the bureaucratic system of the Kingdom of Southern Italy with the imperial feudal states, establishing a dual governing structure centered on the emperor's personal authority.
2. 1224–1226Melfi · BasilicataExtending the imperial system into southern Italy, Frederick convened a grand parliament at Melfi, using the mature royal court, fiscal, and public-order institutions of the Kingdom of Southern Italy as a template for governing the empire's southern frontier, laying the foundation for the later Constitutions of Melfi.
3. 1227–1230German states · GermanyWhile Frederick remained long in Italy, he coordinated the ecclesiastical princes of northern Germany through a regency council and agreements such as the Confoederatio cum principibus ecclesiasticis, maintaining the empire's feudal hierarchy and tax-collection system.