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End of the Samanid Dynasty
Around 999 Ghaznavid Sultan Mahmud defeated and deposed the last Samanid emir Ismail II, capturing Bukhara and ending the century-old dynasty.
Timeline
- 992–997Khorasan · KhorasanIn the Samanid dynasty's later period, frequent court intrigues and chaotic emir successions weakened the state; Ghaznavid Sultan Mahmud unified eastern Afghanistan and pushed toward Khorasan and Transoxiana, sharply escalating the conflict between the two sides.
- 999Bukhara · UzbekistanMahmud led his army into Bukhara, deposed the last Samanid emir Ismail II, and the Samanid royal family was imprisoned or executed, ending over a century of Samanid rule.
- 999–1002Transoxiana · TransoxianaAfter the Ghaznavids annexed the former Samanid lands, Transoxiana was incorporated into their empire; Turkic military nobles replaced the Persianized Samanid bureaucracy, and Central Asia's political center of gravity shifted west, paving the way for subsequent Karakhanid and Seljuk expansion.
Sources
- Samanids — C. E. Bosworth
- The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4 — R. N. Frye (ed.) (1975)