Battle of Wenden and Batory's Livonian Counteroffensive (1578)

Timeline

1. 1578Vilnius · LithuaniaAt the end of 1577, John III and Batory allied against Russia; Lithuanian forces had already recovered Dinaburg. In 1578 the Russians again besieged Wenden, and Poland-Lithuania and Sweden organized a relief force while Batory simultaneously rejected a three-year truce and prepared a large-scale counteroffensive for the following year.
2. 1578Wenden (Cēsis) · LatviaSome five to six thousand Polish, Lithuanian, Swedish, and other allied troops arrived before Wenden; Sapieha commanded the cavalry right wing and Boije the Swedish infantry left wing, routing the Russian field army and destroying the siege camp while capturing artillery. Batory was not on the battlefield.
3. 1578–1579Polotsk–Pskov direction · Eastern EuropeAfter the great victory at Wenden the Russians fell back; in 1579 Batory personally campaigned to take Polotsk, in 1580 took Great Novgorod (Velikiye Luki), and from August 1581 to January 1582 besieged Pskov without success; the Treaty of Jam Zapolski in January 1582 ended the war.