Beginning of the Pax Romana

Timeline

1. -27Rome · RomeOctavian received the title Augustus and established the Principate, consolidating command of provinces and legions, ending the long civil wars, and providing an institutional framework for long-term imperial stability.
2. -27–180Mediterranean · MediterraneanUnder Augustus and his successors, large-scale civil wars within the empire declined, roads, ports, and trade networks expanded, and provincial urbanization advanced, forming the broad historical background later called the Pax Romana.