Final Phase of the Pisa–Florence War

Name: Final Phase of the Pisa–Florence War
Start: 1390
End: 1400

Type Event Region Southern Europe Time 1390–1400

The long rivalry between Pisa and Florence, ongoing since the mid-14th century, entered its decisive final stage in the 1390s;…

Timeline

1390–1392Florence · TuscanyFlorence used its banking wealth and allies such as Milan to impose an economic blockade and military pressure on Pisa, cutting off its Levant trade routes; Pisa's port revenues plummeted and the city-state's finances fell into crisis.
1392–1394Pisa · TuscanyThe Republic of Pisa paid heavily to hire the English-born condottiero John Hawkwood and his White Company to garrison the city's defenses against the Florentine coalition; Hawkwood was experienced but his forces were limited, able only to delay, not reverse, the course of the war.
1395–1400Pisa · TuscanyBy the end of the 14th century, Pisa's foreign aid was cut off and its nobility divided, while Florence gradually nibbled away at surrounding fortresses and ports; though the city-state still maintained nominal independence, it was militarily and economically unable to continue fighting, and the war effectively entered its closing phase in the late 1390s.