Llama Caravan Transport

Timeline

1. c. -3000–1200Peru-Bolivia Altiplano · BoliviaAndean ancestors domesticated guanacos and vicuñas, breeding llamas with greater load-bearing capacity for cross-valley trade and transporting supplies during migrations.
2. 1381–1390Trade routes from Cuzco to subject valleys · Cusco RegionIn the 1380s the Inca state expanded into surrounding areas, organizing llama caravans along mountain roads to transport military rations, tribute, and construction materials, sustaining ongoing campaigns and settlement building.
3. c. 1450–1532Inca Empire road network waystations · AndesAt the empire's height, tambo waystations were established along the road network; caravans changed relays by segment, moving stored goods from various regions to food-short areas and supporting long-range army mobility.