Ifat Sultanate

Timeline

1. c. 1001–1285Eastern Shewa Highlands · ShewaBy the early 11th century, Muslim merchants and pastoralists had settlements in the eastern Ethiopian Highlands, controlling trade routes to Red Sea ports, laying the social and economic foundation for the later Ifat Sultanate.
2. c. 1285–1330Ifat · EthiopiaAround 1285, Umar Walashma founded the Ifat Sultanate, establishing its capital at Ifat, integrating the Muslim polities of the eastern highlands, and becoming the main Islamic power on the eastern edge of the Ethiopian Christian kingdom.
3. c. 1330–1415Interior of the Horn of Africa · Horn of AfricaIn the 14th century, Ifat and the Ethiopian Solomonic dynasty fought multiple wars over trade taxes and vassal loyalty, with both sides' chronicles recording fierce military confrontations.
4. c. 1415Ifat · EthiopiaIn 1415, the Ethiopian king Amda Seyon I conquered Ifat, capturing the last sultan Sabr ad-Din; Ifat as an independent polity ended, and its remnants later established the Adal Sultanate.