Mạc dynasty rule over Vietnam

Timeline

1. 1551–1555Thăng Long · HanoiMạc Phúc Nguyên succeeded in 1546. From 1546 Phạm Tử Nghi set up Prince Hồng Mạc Chính Trung at Hoa Dương; in 1549 Mạc Phúc Nguyên briefly abandoned Thăng Long and fled; by 1551 Prince Khiêm Mạc Kính Điển captured and killed Phạm Tử Nghi, and Mạc Chính Trung fled into Ming territory. After the revolt the northern administrative center remained at Thăng Long.
2. 1553–1558Thanh Hóa–Nghệ An border · VietnamPhạm Tử Nghi's rebellion severely weakened the Mạc dynasty. The restored Later Lê forces, aided by Trịnh Kiểm, incited Mạc generals to defect; thereafter the two sides fought repeatedly around Thanh Hóa and Nghệ An with mixed results, while the Mạc dynasty still controlled the Red River core.
3. 1556–1560Northern Vietnam · VietnamBy around 1560 Mạc Phúc Nguyên was still on the throne (until 1564); the Mạc dynasty continued to hold Thăng Long and the northern prefectures and counties, coexisting with the southern Later Lê regime as the north–south division persisted.