Medieval university system

Timeline

1. c. 1100–1200Bologna · BolognaThe student guild organization at Bologna and the association of masters at Paris successively took shape; traditions of teaching law and theology became institutionalized, and the university emerged in embryo as an autonomous community of teachers and students.
2. 1261–1270Paris · ParisIn the mid-13th century, the University of Paris consolidated its system of statutes through papal and royal charters, regulating teacher qualifications, curricula and examinations, and degree conferral, becoming an institutional model of medieval academic autonomy and the contest between ecclesiastical and secular powers.
3. c. 1280–1500Europe · EuropeFrom the 13th to the 15th century, more than seventy new universities were founded across Europe; degree ranks, the college system, and the tradition of study abroad (universitas litterarum) spread widely, and universities became core institutional bodies for training elites of both church and state.