17th-century Istanbul

Timeline

1. 1453–1500Istanbul · Marmara regionAfter the Ottoman conquest, the capital was moved here; Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque, Topkapı Palace was built, and the city became the political and religious center of an empire spanning Europe and Asia.
2. c. 1520–1600Golden Horn port district · Marmara regionDuring the reign of Suleiman I, mosques, bathhouses, and aqueducts were built on a large scale; the commercial ports of Galata and the Golden Horn flourished, and the city's population and handicraft scale grew significantly.
3. 1640–1650Istanbul · Marmara regionThe city maintained its status as the empire's largest metropolis; the Grand Bazaar and coffeehouse culture flourished; Janissary barracks and palace politics were intertwined; the port still connected the Black Sea, Mediterranean, and Indian Ocean trade networks.
4. 1700Istanbul · Marmara regionAfter the 18th century, imperial decline and the Tanzimat reforms brought updates to urban space and infrastructure, and Istanbul gradually transformed into a modern international metropolis.