Mongol Army Crosses the Syr Darya

Timeline

1. 1219Eastern bank of the Syr Darya · KazakhstanGenghis Khan assembled an army of roughly 200,000 and advanced west from the Mongolian Plateau, reaching the eastern bank of the Syr Darya; Khwarazmshah Ala ad-Din Muhammad had already retreated westward, and the frontier garrison's morale was low.
2. 1219Syr Darya crossing points · Central AsiaThe Mongol army erected pontoon bridges and used fords to cross the Syr Darya by several routes, entering Khwarazmian imperial territory, and immediately dispatched the princes toward strategic points such as Otrar and Bukhara.