Tabriz (Timurid secondary capital)

Timeline

1. 1370–1380Tabriz · Timurid EmpireAfter conquering western Persia, Timur chose Tabriz as a secondary capital, building palace districts and military camps as a forward base for western campaigns against the Ottomans, Mamluks, and Golden Horde, forming an east–west dual-capital pattern with Samarkand.
2. 1380–1390Tabriz · Timurid EmpireIn 1386–1387 Timur campaigned westward from here against Ottoman Anatolia and conquered Georgia; the city expanded the Akhbar Mosque and royal gardens, gathering Persian and Azerbaijani craftsmen, becoming the empire's western political and cultural secondary center.
3. 1391–1400Tabriz · Timurid EmpireFrom 1391–1395 Timur set out from Tabriz to campaign against Mamluk Syria and Iraq, and in 1396 marched north to defeat the Golden Horde; returning from the 1400 expedition to Syria, he prepared the eastern campaign against the Ming dynasty in Tabriz, which served as the core of military dispatch and diplomatic reception on the empire's western front.
4. 1405–1500Tabriz · Timurid EmpireTimur died in February 1405 on campaign, and his sons contested the succession in Tabriz; after Shahrukh made Herat the capital Tabriz remained an important city, with architectural remains such as the Blue Mosque witnessing Timurid artistic achievements, until after the Safavid rise its political status gave way to Qazvin and Isfahan.