Goguryeo capitals (Junggoseong / Pyongyang)

Timeline

1. c. 1–300Junggoseong · Jilin ProvinceFrom the 1st to 3rd centuries CE, Goguryeo had Junggoseong as its capital, building earthen and stone walls and a palace district, controlling Yalu River navigation, contending with Eastern Han, Cao Wei and northern nomadic powers; inscriptions such as the Gwanggaeto Stele record territorial expansion.
2. c. 200–427Wandu Mountain Fortress · Jilin ProvinceFrom the 3rd to 4th centuries CE, Goguryeo expanded Wandu Mountain Fortress as a military and administrative center, forming a mountain-fortress–plain-city dual capital system with Junggoseong; noble tombs and mural tombs reflect the peak of Goguryeo art.
3. c. 427–500Pyongyang · PyongyangIn 427 CE Goguryeo moved its capital to Pyongyang, building inner and outer cities and a wall system; large stone-cist tombs such as that of King Gwanggaeto displayed royal power; the capital became the political and military center of the northern peninsula, facing Baekje and Silla in long-term rivalry.