Dutch Colonial Rule in Taiwan

Timeline

1. 1651–1652Fort Zeelandia · TainanThe VOC used Fort Zeelandia (modern Anping, Tainan) as its administrative center, implementing land allocation, census, and taxation systems, maintaining a dual governance system over Han Chinese immigrants and Taiwan's indigenous peoples.
2. 1652Southern Taiwan · TainanHan Chinese immigrant leader Guo Huaiyi organized an anti-Dutch uprising, gathering several thousand people to attack Dutch positions. Dutch authorities suppressed it with the help of indigenous tribes, and afterward tightened control and tax collection over Han immigrants.
3. 1655–1658Taiwan · TaiwanSugar and deerskin exports from Dutch Taiwan reached their peak; Taiwan became a key node in the VOC's Asian trade network, supplying raw and semi-processed goods to Japanese, Persian, and European markets.
4. 1659–1660Fort Zeelandia · TainanAs Koxinga, after military setbacks on the mainland, turned to planning an expedition against Taiwan, the VOC learned of the threat and began reinforcing defenses; colonial rule entered its final phase and the situation in Taiwan grew increasingly tense.