1494 Moscow–Lithuania "Eternal Peace" Treaty

Timeline

1. 1492–1493Upper Oka border · LithuaniaIvan III, with support from the Crimean Khanate, attacked Mtsensk, Lyubutsk, and other places; war was formally declared in 1493. Orthodox nobles turned to Moscow, and Lithuania lost the military initiative on the upper Oka.
2. 1494Moscow · MoscowRepresentatives of both sides concluded a peace treaty in Moscow: Lithuania ceded Vyazma and lands on the upper Oka and recognized Moscow's control over the core Rus' lands; Moscow dropped its claims to Smolensk and Bryansk. The engagement of Alexander and Ivan's daughter Elena sealed the peace.
3. 1494Vilnius · VilniusAlexander formally ratified the treaty in Vilnius; family estates such as Vyazma and Vorotynsk that had defected to Moscow were incorporated into Russian-controlled territory. This was the first time Lithuania ceded large territories to Moscow in the Russo-Polish wars, marking Moscow's westward expansion.