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Continuation of the Investiture Controversy

Type Event Region Holy Roman Empire Time 1091–1099

After the reconciliation at Canossa, the conflict between the Holy Roman Empire and the Roman Curia over the right to appoint bishops remained unreso…

Timeline

  1. 1091–1093Rome · LazioPope Urban II convened a synod in Rome, reaffirming the authority over episcopal appointment and the investiture ring established since the Gregorian Reform, and refusing to recognize the legitimacy of bishops appointed by Henry IV.
  2. 1094–1098Germany · GermanyArchbishoprics such as Cologne, Mainz, and Trier successively saw rival bishops nominated by papal and imperial factions, with rival bishops installed side by side and mutually excommunicating each other; the Investiture Controversy spread from the central level to local church governance.
  3. 1099Western Europe · Western EuropeBy 1099, the Investiture Controversy had still not reached an institutional compromise; pope and emperor each maintained their own episcopal networks, and the schism in the German Church persisted until it was finally resolved by the Concordat of Worms in 1122.

Sources