Founding of Silla and Early State Formation

Timeline

1. -57–4Geumseong (Seorabeol) · Korean PeninsulaAccording to the traditional chronology of the Samguk Sagi, Bak Hyeokgeose was raised by the six villages of the Gyeongju basin as Geoseogan in 57 BCE, with the state name Silla, later called Silla. This account is a founding legend compiled by later generations; modern epigraphy and archaeology generally hold that early Silla was a city-state among the Jinhan, and that a truly centralized kingdom came only centuries later. The node time must not be written as 57 CE.
2. 24–57Gyeongju · Korean PeninsulaThe traditional royal list makes Yuri Isageum the third king, reigning 24–57 CE, son of Namhae. He belongs to the early 1st-century lineage and must not be moved to the 4th-century 'expansion period.' The so-called 'King Najeo' does not appear in the standard list of the Silla annals of the Samguk Sagi and is deleted. The alternating rule of the Bak, Seok, and Kim clans is a later generalization of the early royal line, and most specific years cannot be independently verified.
3. 356–402Gyeongju · Korean PeninsulaKim Naemul (c. 356–402, some sources to 401) began using the title Maripgan and established Kim-clan hereditary succession, which scholars largely see as Silla's turning point from city-state to league kingdom. In the late 4th century Silla stood alongside Goguryeo and Baekje and sent envoys to the Northern Dynasties of China. Large-scale annexation in the Nakdong River basin mainly occurred in the 6th century under King Jinheung; the 4th century must not be written as King Yuri's territorial expansion.