Jin Reforms in Paper Money, Salt, and Grain Policy

Timeline

1. 1131–1135Shandong salt fields · ShandongThe Jin took over old Song and Liao salt fields, established salt commissions to manage production and sales, and ran a monopoly combining official sales and the certificate system; salt profits became the Jin's second-largest fiscal revenue after the land tax, funding the war against the Song and northern rule.
2. 1132–1140Grand Canal · North ChinaThe Jin used the Grand Canal and sea routes to ship grain levies from the Central Plains and Hebei to Shangjing Huining and Yanjing, supplying the Jurchen ruling center and garrisons; the Ministry of Revenue handled money and grain levies, forming a complementary north-south economic pattern.
3. 1135–1140Huining Prefecture · HeilongjiangDue to copper scarcity and insufficient coinage, Song, Liao, and a small amount of Jin-minted coins circulated together from Tianhui to Tianjuan, raising concerns of coin shortage; under Xizong, the Ministry of Revenue's functions were perfected alongside the Six Ministries, with household registration and tax equalization, accumulating institutional experience for Hailing Wang's 1154 jiaochao issuance.